Anoscopy

Anoscopy is the name for an examination used by some physicians, particularly proctologists, general surgeons and gastroenterologists, to evaluate the anal region for various diseases of the anus. As the root "-scopy" in the name implies, it involves visual inspection of the region. This is usually accomplished with the help of an instrument called an anoscope or proctoscope, which is in essence a speculum specifically designed for inspecting the anus. It allows the examiner to view the interior walls of the anus but is not long enough to visualize deeper structures such as the rectum and the rest of the colon. These areas can be examined with longer rigid or flexible scopes in procedures such as sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy.

The anal exam can be used both as a form of physical examination of the anal region as well as to aid in procedures in the area. Biopsies and even treatment of some diseases can be accomplished through the anoscope.

This exam can be used to investigate suspicious masses in the area of the anus, aiding in the diagnosis. This can include examination and treatment of anal cancer. However, the anoscope is also often employed to examine and treat hemorrhoids (which is not a tumor or cancer) or other diseases of the anus, such as anal warts.

Anoscopic examination should not be confused with the digital rectal exam which does not use an anoscope, only the examiner's finger, to examine the anal region.